ROBOT FACIAL
El origen del término "Robot" proviene de la novela RUR (Robots Universales Russum) del autor Karel Capek, publicada en 1920 en Checoslovaquia, patria del autor; fué representada en el teatro nacional de Praga el 25 de Enero de 1921, y publicada en inglés en 1923. Esta obra trata sobre un brillante científico llamado Rossum y su hijo, quienes desarrollan una sustancia química que es similar al protoplasma. Utilizan ésta sustancia para fabricar robots, y sus planes consisten en que los robots sirvan a la clase humana de forma obediente para realizar todos los trabajos físicos. Rossum sigue realizando mejoras en el diseño de los robots, elimina órganos y otros elementos innecesarios, y finalmente desarrolla un ser ‘ perfecto ’. El argumento experimenta un giro desagradable cuando los robots perfectos comienzan a no cumplir con su papel de servidores y se rebelan contra sus dueños, destruyendo toda la vida humana. Robot es una derivación del término checo robota, que, al igual que en ruso, significa "servidumbre o trabajador forzado", cuando se tradujo al ingles se convirtió en el término robot. Aunque su nombre provenga de la obra RUR de 1920, el concepto de robot es muy anterior.
La Robótica desde el punto de vista Mitológico
Mitológicamente podemos mencionar los siguientes sucesos en la historia de la robótica: Algunos autores, como Jasia Reichardt, consideran que el comienzo de la historia de los autómatas se encuentra en la creación de Adán por Dios. Prometeo, que hizo el primer hombre y la primer mujer con barro, animados con el fuego robado de los cielos. Hefaistos, también conocido como Vulcano, dios de todas las artes mecánicas y del fuego, que hizo dos estatuas femeninas de oro que le ayudaban y le acompañaban dondequiera que fuese. De nuevo Hefaistos, que crea al gigante Talus, hecho de metal que guardaba Creta de los intrusos quemando sus cuerpos y matándolos. Pygmalión, rey de Chipre, que crea la estatua de Galatea y. al enamorarse de ella, hace que Afrodita le dé vida.
George Boole que en el siglo XIX da a conocer el álgebra booleana, un sistema abstracto de postulados y símbolos aplicable a problemas de lógica y universalmente adaptada al uso del ordenador.
James Clark Maxwell, en 1868, hace el primer estudio sistemático de realimentación.
Leonardo Torres Quevedo, un español, en 1912 construye una máquina electrónica capaz de jugar al ajedrez.
Herman Hollerith, en 1886, inventó un sistema electromecánico de tarjetas perforadas para tratar el censo.
Vannever Bush inventa, en 1930, el analizador diferencial, el primer ordenador analógico que resolvía ecuaciones diferenciales.
A.M. Turing crea, en 1936, una máquina que resuelve problemas.
Claude E. Shanon demostró, en 1938, cómo las operaciones lógicas correspondían a circuitos de dos estados (abierto/cerrado).
El laboratorio de servomecanismo del MIT sienta las bases, entre 1939 y 1945, del control de realimentación para mecanismo de alta velocidad.
Howard Aiken crea para IBM, el MARK I (1944), una calculadora de secuencia controlada automáticamente.
John Vincent Atanosoff, crea el computador digital eletrónico, entre 1940 y 1942.
J. Presper Eckerl y John W. Mauchly crean el ENIAC, entre 1943 y 1946, un ordenador que trata operaciones numéricas.
John von Neumann, en 1947, crea el EDVAC, un diseño lógico capaz de usar un programa almacenado.
La fundación Josiah Macy, convoca en 1947 la primer conferencia de cibernética.
W. Greg Walter crea dos tortugas electrónicas: Elmer y Elsie, capaces de evitar obstáculos en su camino.
Norbert Wiener crea, en 1948, el concepto de cibernética (control y comunicación entre el animal y la máquina).
Los laboratorios telefónicos Bell, en 1948, inventan el transistor, un componente electrónico que desplaza en poco tiempo a las válvulas.
Los laboratorios matemáticos de la Universidad de Cambridge, entre 1947 y 1949, desarrollan el EDSAC, primer programa de ordenador almacenado con símbolos que representan instrucciones.
Los laboratorios servomecánicos MIT desarrollan entre 1947 y 1953 la primer memoria magnética.
En 1950 aparece el primer ordenador controlado por cinta de papel. NCR, entre 1954 y 1957, lanza el primer ordenador transistorizado.
Entre 1967 y 1971, aparece el ILLIAC IV, el primer ordenador en el que operan 64 CPU simultáneamente.
El circuito LSI integrado en un chip aparece en 1968.
En 1971 aparece el primer microcomputador de uso general, gracias a Intel Corporation.
En 1972 aparece la primer empresa que se dedica exclusivamente a Robótica: Unimation, Inc.
En 1978 aparece el CLIP 4, el primer ordenador capaz de manejar 9,216 microprocesadores simultáneamente.
¿ Qué es la Robótica en nuestros días ?
La Robótica en nuestros días es una nueva tecnología, que surgió como tal aproximadamente hacia el año 1960.
Podemos contemplar la robótica como una ciencia que aunque se han conseguido grandes avances todavía ofrece un amplio campo para el desarrollo y la innovación y es precisamente este aspecto el que motiva a muchos investigadores y aficionados a los robots a seguir adelante planteando cada vez robots más evolucionados.
Autodesk Integrates Face Robot Into Softimage 2010: Brings Rapid Facial Animation to More 3D Users
Also Features Optimized Core Architecture and Enhanced ICE System
NEW ORLEANS, Aug. 3 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- At SIGGRAPH 2009, Autodesk, Inc. (NASDAQ: ADSK) has launched Autodesk Softimage 2010 3D modeling, animation rendering and compositing software for games, film and television visual effects. Softimage 2010 features an optimized core architecture, integration of the Softimage Face Robot facial rigging and animation toolset, and an expanded and customizable Interactive Creative Environment (ICE) system.
"Over the past year, we've made Softimage faster, easier to use and more powerful," said Stig Gruman, vice president, Autodesk Digital Entertainment Group. "This version provides integrated solutions for digital entertainment creation with the inclusion of Face Robot, scene complexity management tools and improved interoperability with Autodesk Maya, Autodesk 3ds Max and Autodesk MotionBuilder software."
Artists have used Softimage to help create stunning movies, commercials and video games, including commercials for BMW, Coca Cola, Kellogg's and Monster.com. Janimation, an award-winning animation and motion graphics studio, relied on Softimage to help create Activision's latest James Bondbased hit video game, "Quantum of Solace." Greg Punchatz, senior creative director at Janimation, remarked, "If you only looked at the huge performance increases and workflow enhancements, Softimage 2010 would be a very solid release, but add Face Robot to the mix and you have a home run."
Key New Features in Autodesk Softimage 2010
■Accelerated Performance - The third iteration of the Softimage GigaCore architecture, GigaCore III, helps deliver superior data handling and speed improvements. Loading and saving large scenes and importing complex character models are faster. In addition, many of the operations most commonly performed on enveloped characters or large numbers of objects execute more rapidly. Also, the Function Curve (FCurve) Editor performs faster when animators are working with large numbers of curves or keys.
■Face Robot - Softimage 2010 includes the Face Robot toolset. Face Robot is a professional solution for rigging and animating large numbers of 3D faces quickly and easily. It enables the creation of life-like facial animation at incredible speeds. Using Face Robot, animators are freer to concentrate on emotion, expression and unforgettable performances. An Autodesk Maya software exporter enables animators to bring a solved Face Robot head into Maya for more integrated computer graphics (CG) character workflows.
■Custom Node Creation for ICE Systems - New tools allow for the creation of custom nodes that enable technical directors (TDs) and third parties to more quickly build new ICE systems: ICE Rigid Bodies, ICE Fluids and ICE Cloth. ICE effects can be exported to Maya for a more integrated CG pipeline.
■Tools for Managing Project Complexity - New tools and workflows help enhance artist productivity by enabling the management of complex tasks. These are a new Scene Debugger toolset that helps give artists and TDs information about a scene's performance and memory usage, an easy-to-use scene search toolset and added support for grouping within layers.
Softimage 2010 also features improved modeling tools, additional animation and camera functionality, and an updated Autodesk Crosswalk toolset for content transfer. For more information about Autodesk Softimage 2010
martes, 11 de agosto de 2009
Triangulo de las Bermudas!!
Triángulo de las Bermudas
El Triángulo de las Bermudas (conocido también como «el Triángulo del Diablo») es un área geográfica con forma de triángulo, con un área aproximada de 1,1 millones de km², situada en el océano Atlántico entre las islas Bermudas, Puerto Rico y Fort Lauderdale (Florida).
Mapa del triángulo de las Bermudas.Es famoso porque a mediados del siglo XX varios escritores publicaron artículos en revistas acerca de la presunta peligrosidad de la zona.
Sin embargo las estadísticas de la Guardia Costera de los Estados Unidos no indican que en esa zona haya más desapariciones de barcos y aviones que en otras zonas de igual tráfico.
Ya desde la era de la vela, las naves que viajaban a Europa pasaban continuamente por esta zona para aprovechar los vientos dominantes y la Corriente del Golfo. Luego, con el desarrollo de las máquinas de vapor y los barcos con motores de combustión interna, gran parte del tráfico del Atlántico Norte siguió cruzando (y aún lo hace) a través del área del supuesto «triángulo».
La Corriente del Golfo, un área con un tiempo muy inestable (conocida por sus huracanes), también pasa por el triángulo al abandonar el mar Caribe. La combinación de un denso tráfico marítimo y el tiempo tempestuoso hace posible que algunos barcos se adentren en tormentas y se pierdan sin dejar rastro, especialmente antes del desarrollo de las telecomunicaciones, el radar y los satélites a finales del siglo XX.
La primera mención documentada acerca de desapariciones en el área se hizo en 1951: E. V. W. Jones —periodista de Associated Press— escribió respecto a algunos barcos perdidos en la zona de las Bahamas.
Jones dijo que las desapariciones de barcos, aviones y pequeños botes eran «misteriosas». Y le dio a esta zona el mote de «Triángulo del Diablo». Al año siguiente (1952) George X. Sand afirmó en un artículo de Revista de Destino que en esa zona sucedían «extrañas desapariciones marinas».
En 1964, el escritor sensacionalista Vincent Gaddis (1913-1997) acuñó el término «triángulo de las Bermudas» en un artículo de la revista amarillista estadounidense Argosy. Al año siguiente publicó el libro Invisible Horizons: True Mysteries of the Sea (‘Horizontes invisibles: los verdaderos misterios del mar’), donde incluía un capítulo llamado «El mortal triángulo de las Bermudas». Generalmente, Gaddis es considerado el inventor del «triángulo» de las Bermudas.
Pero recién diez años después, el pretendido misterio se convirtió en un verdadero mito gracias a Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), escritor neoyorquino de ciencia ficción), que en 1974 escribió el súperventas El Triángulo de las Bermudas, donde copió bastante texto de Gaddis y recopiló casos de desapariciones (muy manipulados y mal presentados), mezclados con falsedades y flagrantes invenciones
Durante la década de los '60 y '70, la creencia en el Triángulo de las Bermudas - ese trilátero imaginario formando por los vértices de las islas de Puerto Rico, Bermudas y Cayo Hueso en la Florida - no sólo era la moda, sino una materia de rigueur para cualquier interesado en la melange de temas que rodeaban al fenómeno OVNI y lo paranormal. La biblioteca personal de cualquier entusiasta casi seguramente incluía un buen número de libros, la mayoría de ellos ediciones rústicas, acerca de los misterios del mar: buques desvanecidos, objetos no identificados saliendo del mar, y la posibilidad de que la mítica Atlántida aún estuviese activa bajo las olas del Atlántico después de miles de años.
Autores como Charles Berlitz, Richard Winer y John Wallace Spencer se convirtieron en los máximos exponentes de la realidad de la figura geométrica en el agua que devoraba aparatos hechos por el hombre sin dejar rastro de ellos. Otros autores se vieron obligados a pescar misterios en otros mares: algunos, como Jay Gourley, los encontraron en el Lago Ontario, cuyas anomalías magnéticas siguen siendo una realidad hasta el presente; otros como Kevin Killey echaron sus redes en el "Meridiano del Diablo" cerca de la australiana isla de Tasmania.
Pero con el paso de los años, y la aparición de nuevas obras investigativas como la de Lawrence David Kusche, que apuntaban hacia un origen mundano de las desapariciones, o al hecho de que muchas de las embarcaciones jamás existieron, el interés por el Triángulo de las Bermudas comenzó a menguar, o al menos dejó de ser una fascinación para la nueva generación de fanáticos de lo paranormal. No obstante, todavía existe una cantidad de eventos sin explicar que tienen su origen en las aguas del Atlántico - eventos que jamás han sido incluidos en los libros que tratan sobre el tema.
El Triángulo de las Bermudas (conocido también como «el Triángulo del Diablo») es un área geográfica con forma de triángulo, con un área aproximada de 1,1 millones de km², situada en el océano Atlántico entre las islas Bermudas, Puerto Rico y Fort Lauderdale (Florida).
Mapa del triángulo de las Bermudas.Es famoso porque a mediados del siglo XX varios escritores publicaron artículos en revistas acerca de la presunta peligrosidad de la zona.
Sin embargo las estadísticas de la Guardia Costera de los Estados Unidos no indican que en esa zona haya más desapariciones de barcos y aviones que en otras zonas de igual tráfico.
Ya desde la era de la vela, las naves que viajaban a Europa pasaban continuamente por esta zona para aprovechar los vientos dominantes y la Corriente del Golfo. Luego, con el desarrollo de las máquinas de vapor y los barcos con motores de combustión interna, gran parte del tráfico del Atlántico Norte siguió cruzando (y aún lo hace) a través del área del supuesto «triángulo».
La Corriente del Golfo, un área con un tiempo muy inestable (conocida por sus huracanes), también pasa por el triángulo al abandonar el mar Caribe. La combinación de un denso tráfico marítimo y el tiempo tempestuoso hace posible que algunos barcos se adentren en tormentas y se pierdan sin dejar rastro, especialmente antes del desarrollo de las telecomunicaciones, el radar y los satélites a finales del siglo XX.
La primera mención documentada acerca de desapariciones en el área se hizo en 1951: E. V. W. Jones —periodista de Associated Press— escribió respecto a algunos barcos perdidos en la zona de las Bahamas.
Jones dijo que las desapariciones de barcos, aviones y pequeños botes eran «misteriosas». Y le dio a esta zona el mote de «Triángulo del Diablo». Al año siguiente (1952) George X. Sand afirmó en un artículo de Revista de Destino que en esa zona sucedían «extrañas desapariciones marinas».
En 1964, el escritor sensacionalista Vincent Gaddis (1913-1997) acuñó el término «triángulo de las Bermudas» en un artículo de la revista amarillista estadounidense Argosy. Al año siguiente publicó el libro Invisible Horizons: True Mysteries of the Sea (‘Horizontes invisibles: los verdaderos misterios del mar’), donde incluía un capítulo llamado «El mortal triángulo de las Bermudas». Generalmente, Gaddis es considerado el inventor del «triángulo» de las Bermudas.
Pero recién diez años después, el pretendido misterio se convirtió en un verdadero mito gracias a Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), escritor neoyorquino de ciencia ficción), que en 1974 escribió el súperventas El Triángulo de las Bermudas, donde copió bastante texto de Gaddis y recopiló casos de desapariciones (muy manipulados y mal presentados), mezclados con falsedades y flagrantes invenciones
Durante la década de los '60 y '70, la creencia en el Triángulo de las Bermudas - ese trilátero imaginario formando por los vértices de las islas de Puerto Rico, Bermudas y Cayo Hueso en la Florida - no sólo era la moda, sino una materia de rigueur para cualquier interesado en la melange de temas que rodeaban al fenómeno OVNI y lo paranormal. La biblioteca personal de cualquier entusiasta casi seguramente incluía un buen número de libros, la mayoría de ellos ediciones rústicas, acerca de los misterios del mar: buques desvanecidos, objetos no identificados saliendo del mar, y la posibilidad de que la mítica Atlántida aún estuviese activa bajo las olas del Atlántico después de miles de años.
Autores como Charles Berlitz, Richard Winer y John Wallace Spencer se convirtieron en los máximos exponentes de la realidad de la figura geométrica en el agua que devoraba aparatos hechos por el hombre sin dejar rastro de ellos. Otros autores se vieron obligados a pescar misterios en otros mares: algunos, como Jay Gourley, los encontraron en el Lago Ontario, cuyas anomalías magnéticas siguen siendo una realidad hasta el presente; otros como Kevin Killey echaron sus redes en el "Meridiano del Diablo" cerca de la australiana isla de Tasmania.
Pero con el paso de los años, y la aparición de nuevas obras investigativas como la de Lawrence David Kusche, que apuntaban hacia un origen mundano de las desapariciones, o al hecho de que muchas de las embarcaciones jamás existieron, el interés por el Triángulo de las Bermudas comenzó a menguar, o al menos dejó de ser una fascinación para la nueva generación de fanáticos de lo paranormal. No obstante, todavía existe una cantidad de eventos sin explicar que tienen su origen en las aguas del Atlántico - eventos que jamás han sido incluidos en los libros que tratan sobre el tema.
martes, 2 de junio de 2009
quiz
quiz
como se llama el inventorde laparte secreta
steve hurible
cuales la inversion quemarchan a ciertas
ingeniero mecanico 100000 dolares las pttas general se abrecon libros y juegos
como se llama el inventorde laparte secreta
steve hurible
cuales la inversion quemarchan a ciertas
ingeniero mecanico 100000 dolares las pttas general se abrecon libros y juegos
quiz!
1. como se llama el escritor de las puertas secretas?
R: Steve Humble
2. cuanta es la inversion de las personas que mandan a hacer estas puertas secretas?
R: Son inversiones my grandes aproximadamente de 10000 dolares
3.Cuales son los mecanismos para abrir las puertas?
R: atravez de codigos especiales o bibliotecas con un libro especial un juego de ajedres
4.Cua4.Cual es la profecion de Steve Humble?1. como se llama el escritor de las puertas secretas?
R: Es ingeniero mecanico
grado:decimo
alumna:maria teresa gomez valenzuela
1. como se llama el escritor de las puertas secretas?
R: Steve Humble
2. cuanta es la inversion de las personas que mandan a hacer estas puertas secretas?
R: Son inversiones my grandes aproximadamente de 10000 dolares
3.Cuales son los mecanismos para abrir las puertas?
R: atravez de codigos especiales o bibliotecas con un libro especial un juego de ajedres
4.Cua4.Cual es la profecion de Steve Humble?1. como se llama el escritor de las puertas secretas?
R: Es ingeniero mecanico
grado:decimo
alumna:maria teresa gomez valenzuela
jueves, 2 de abril de 2009
The Name of the Rose
The Name of the Rose
William of Baskerville and his apprentice Adso of Melk (narrating as an old man, it later transpires) arrive at a Benedictine abbey where a mysterious death has occurred ahead of an important Church conference. William, known for his deductive and analytic mind, confronts the worried Abbot and gains permission to investigate the death – a young illuminator appears to have committed suicide.
Over the next few days, several other bizarre deaths occur, and the two discover that not everything is what it seems in the abbey.
The two also make the acquaintance of Salvatore (played by Ron Perlman), a demented hunchback who spews forth gibberish in various languages, and his handler and protector, Remigio da Varagine (Helmut Qualtinger) who, as events prove, also has a shady past. William quickly deduces that Salvatore had once been a member of a heretical sect and infers that Remigio likewise had been involved. He suspects that they may have been involved in the killings.
Investigating and keen to head off accusations of demonic possession (which nevertheless eventually leads to the burning of two innocent men at the stake) the protagonists discover and explore a labyrinthine medieval library, constructed on multiple levels in the abbey's forbidden principal tower. It becomes clear that the only remaining copy of Aristotle's Second Book of Poetics is somehow related to the deaths. William deduces, thanks to a scrap of parchment with hastily written notes, that all of those who died under mysterious circumstances had read the book. His investigations are curtailed by the arrival of Bernardo Gui of the Inquisition, summoned for the conference and keen to investigate the deaths. The two men clashed in the past and the zealous inquisitor has no time for theories outside his own: that The Devil is responsible – and torture will reveal the truth.
To their great misfortune, Salvatore and a semi-feral local girl are found fighting over meat while in the presence of candles and a black cat. Bernardo Gui sees this as irrefutable proof that they are in league with Satan and, along with Remigio, he has them manacled and subjected to "questioning". Grisly scenes ensue showing Salvatore being branded and his arms and hands mangled by the inquisitors. He is then dragged into a kangaroo court tribunal and unsuccessfully prompted by Gui to implicate his partner and the girl who is lying unconscious on the floor.
It is possible that Salvatore has been driven insane as a result of Gui's torture, prompting Remigio to later scream, "The devil I renounce is you, Bernardo Gui!" At first Remigio shows nothing but contempt for his tormentors and brags about spending most of his life shaking down the poor in the name of the Church and its corrupt officials. But then Gui threatens to show Remigio the torture instruments, and then Remigio begins to wildly confess to every insane suggestion that Gui throws his way ("Were you inspired by the devil?" "Yes...I was...inspired, by the devil!").
It is soon clear that Gui also seeks to implicate and kill Brother William.
Ascending the forbidden library, William and Adso come face to face with the Venerable Jorge, the most ancient denizen of the abbey, who reveals the book, which contains a description of comedy and how it may be used to teach. Being afraid of laughter and comedy—the traditionalist firmly asserts that Christ never laughed and jocularity is a blasphemous sin—Jorge has poisoned the pages to avoid the spread of what he considers dangerous ideas. (A common method of reading books at the time was to lick one's finger to moisten it in order to turn the pages; when the page corners were poisoned, the reader licking his poisoned finger died soon thereafter.)
Realizing that William knows of the poisoned pages and will not fall for the same trick, Jorge throws over a candle, starting a blaze that spreads quickly in the tower, the internal structure of which is completely made of wood. As it contains innumerable rare and unique books of infinite value, this devastates William, who insists Adso flee while he desperately tries to save as many tomes as possible. The fire kills Jorge and destroys the Second Book of the Poetics, but miraculously, William does make it out with a few precious books. Facing a local rebellion due to his harsh methods, Bernardo Gui is fortunately denied his revenge on William and forced to flee—but dies horribly when the enraged peasants' mob throws his wagon down a cliff, resulting in his own impalement on one of his hellish inquisitorial torture devices. Later, William and Adso take their leave—the latter having lost his heart and virginity to the wild girl whom he nevertheless turns his back on in favour of remaining with William and his calling. A much older Adso reflects in his closing narration that he never regretted his decision and that the girl was the only Earthly love of his life, yet he never learned her name.
William of Baskerville and his apprentice Adso of Melk (narrating as an old man, it later transpires) arrive at a Benedictine abbey where a mysterious death has occurred ahead of an important Church conference. William, known for his deductive and analytic mind, confronts the worried Abbot and gains permission to investigate the death – a young illuminator appears to have committed suicide.
Over the next few days, several other bizarre deaths occur, and the two discover that not everything is what it seems in the abbey.
The two also make the acquaintance of Salvatore (played by Ron Perlman), a demented hunchback who spews forth gibberish in various languages, and his handler and protector, Remigio da Varagine (Helmut Qualtinger) who, as events prove, also has a shady past. William quickly deduces that Salvatore had once been a member of a heretical sect and infers that Remigio likewise had been involved. He suspects that they may have been involved in the killings.
Investigating and keen to head off accusations of demonic possession (which nevertheless eventually leads to the burning of two innocent men at the stake) the protagonists discover and explore a labyrinthine medieval library, constructed on multiple levels in the abbey's forbidden principal tower. It becomes clear that the only remaining copy of Aristotle's Second Book of Poetics is somehow related to the deaths. William deduces, thanks to a scrap of parchment with hastily written notes, that all of those who died under mysterious circumstances had read the book. His investigations are curtailed by the arrival of Bernardo Gui of the Inquisition, summoned for the conference and keen to investigate the deaths. The two men clashed in the past and the zealous inquisitor has no time for theories outside his own: that The Devil is responsible – and torture will reveal the truth.
To their great misfortune, Salvatore and a semi-feral local girl are found fighting over meat while in the presence of candles and a black cat. Bernardo Gui sees this as irrefutable proof that they are in league with Satan and, along with Remigio, he has them manacled and subjected to "questioning". Grisly scenes ensue showing Salvatore being branded and his arms and hands mangled by the inquisitors. He is then dragged into a kangaroo court tribunal and unsuccessfully prompted by Gui to implicate his partner and the girl who is lying unconscious on the floor.
It is possible that Salvatore has been driven insane as a result of Gui's torture, prompting Remigio to later scream, "The devil I renounce is you, Bernardo Gui!" At first Remigio shows nothing but contempt for his tormentors and brags about spending most of his life shaking down the poor in the name of the Church and its corrupt officials. But then Gui threatens to show Remigio the torture instruments, and then Remigio begins to wildly confess to every insane suggestion that Gui throws his way ("Were you inspired by the devil?" "Yes...I was...inspired, by the devil!").
It is soon clear that Gui also seeks to implicate and kill Brother William.
Ascending the forbidden library, William and Adso come face to face with the Venerable Jorge, the most ancient denizen of the abbey, who reveals the book, which contains a description of comedy and how it may be used to teach. Being afraid of laughter and comedy—the traditionalist firmly asserts that Christ never laughed and jocularity is a blasphemous sin—Jorge has poisoned the pages to avoid the spread of what he considers dangerous ideas. (A common method of reading books at the time was to lick one's finger to moisten it in order to turn the pages; when the page corners were poisoned, the reader licking his poisoned finger died soon thereafter.)
Realizing that William knows of the poisoned pages and will not fall for the same trick, Jorge throws over a candle, starting a blaze that spreads quickly in the tower, the internal structure of which is completely made of wood. As it contains innumerable rare and unique books of infinite value, this devastates William, who insists Adso flee while he desperately tries to save as many tomes as possible. The fire kills Jorge and destroys the Second Book of the Poetics, but miraculously, William does make it out with a few precious books. Facing a local rebellion due to his harsh methods, Bernardo Gui is fortunately denied his revenge on William and forced to flee—but dies horribly when the enraged peasants' mob throws his wagon down a cliff, resulting in his own impalement on one of his hellish inquisitorial torture devices. Later, William and Adso take their leave—the latter having lost his heart and virginity to the wild girl whom he nevertheless turns his back on in favour of remaining with William and his calling. A much older Adso reflects in his closing narration that he never regretted his decision and that the girl was the only Earthly love of his life, yet he never learned her name.
lunes, 23 de marzo de 2009
Simple Past
The simple past expresses an action in the past taking place once, never, several times. It can also be used for actions taking place one after another or in the middle of another action.
Form
irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs
I spoke
regular verbs: verb + ed
I worked
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed' :
when the final letter is e, only add d.
Example: love - loved
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled
Example: admit - admitted
final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)
Example: travel - travelled
after a consonant, final y becomes i. (but: not after a vowel)
Use
After another or at the same time?
Do you want to express that the actions in the past happened one after another or at the same time?
after another
She came home, switched on the computer and checked her e-mails.
New action or already in progress?
If you want to express that a new action happened in the middle of another action, you need both tenses: Simple Past the new action and Past Progressive for the action already in progress
new action
My mobile rang (when I was sitting in a meeting.)
Only mentioning or emphasising progress?
Do you just want to mention that an action took place in the past (also used for short actions)? Or do you want to put emphasis on the progress, e.g. that an action was taking place at a certain time?
just mentioning
Colin played football yesterday
*******************************************************************************
FORM
[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
Examples:
You called Debbie.
Did you call Debbie?
You did not call Debbie.
USE 1 Completed Action in the Past
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.
Examples:
I saw a movie yesterday.
I didn't see a play yesterday.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
Did you have dinner last night?
She washed her car.
He didn't wash his car.
USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions
We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
Examples:
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
USE 3 Duration in Past
The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
Examples:
I lived in Brazil for two years.
Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
They sat at the beach all day.
They did not stay at the party the entire time.
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
A: How long did you wait for them?B: We waited for one hour.
USE 4 Habits in the Past
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
Examples:
I studied French when I was a child.
He played the violin.
He didn't play the piano.
Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
She worked at the movie theater after school.
They never went to school, they always skipped class.
USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."
Examples:
She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
He didn't like tomatoes before.
Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.
IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.
Examples:
When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.
She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.
When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.
Example:
I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
You just called Debbie.
Did you just call Debbie?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
Tom repaired the car. Active
The car was repaired by Tom. Passive
************************************************************************************************************************************
Past Continuous
Form
past form of 'be' + ing form of verb
I was speakingyou were speakinghe / she / it was speakingwe were speakingthey were speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ing' :
silent e is dropped (but: does not apply for -ee)
Example: come - comingbut: agree - agreeing
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled
Example: sit - sitting
final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)
Example: travel - travelling
final ie becomes y.
Example: lie - lying
Use
After another or at the same time?
Do you want to express that the actions in the past happened one after another or at the same time?
at the same time
Simon was playing on the computer while his brother was watchin TV.
New action or already in progress?
If you want to express that a new action happened in the middle of another action, you need both tenses: Simple Past the new action and Past Progressive for the action already in progress
action already in progress
Only mentioning or emphasising progress?
Do you just want to mention that an action took place in the past (also used for short actions)? Or do you want to put emphasis on the progress, e.g. that an action was taking place at a certain time?
emphasising progress
Yesterday at six o'clock, Colin was playing football
*********************************************************************************
FORM
[was/were + present participle]
Examples:
You were studying when she called.
Were you studying when she called?
You were not studying when she called
USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past
Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
Examples:
I was watching TV when she called.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
What were you doing when the earthquake started?
I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.
A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?B: I was snowboarding.
USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption
In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.
Examples:
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.
IMPORTANT
In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.
Examples:
Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.I started eating at 6 PM.
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.I started earlier; and at 6 PM, I was in the process of eating dinner.
USE 3 Parallel Actions
When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
Examples:
I was studying while he was making dinner.
While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
Were you listening while he was talking?
I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
What were you doing while you were waiting?
Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.
USE 4 Atmosphere
In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.
Example:
When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.
USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"
The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."
Examples:
She was always coming to class late.
He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
I didn't like them because they were always complaining.
While vs. When
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.
Examples:
I was studying when she called.
While I was studying, she called.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
You were just studying when she called.
Were you just studying when she called?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. Active
The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. Passive
The simple past expresses an action in the past taking place once, never, several times. It can also be used for actions taking place one after another or in the middle of another action.
Form
irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs
I spoke
regular verbs: verb + ed
I worked
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed' :
when the final letter is e, only add d.
Example: love - loved
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled
Example: admit - admitted
final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)
Example: travel - travelled
after a consonant, final y becomes i. (but: not after a vowel)
Use
After another or at the same time?
Do you want to express that the actions in the past happened one after another or at the same time?
after another
She came home, switched on the computer and checked her e-mails.
New action or already in progress?
If you want to express that a new action happened in the middle of another action, you need both tenses: Simple Past the new action and Past Progressive for the action already in progress
new action
My mobile rang (when I was sitting in a meeting.)
Only mentioning or emphasising progress?
Do you just want to mention that an action took place in the past (also used for short actions)? Or do you want to put emphasis on the progress, e.g. that an action was taking place at a certain time?
just mentioning
Colin played football yesterday
*******************************************************************************
FORM
[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
Examples:
You called Debbie.
Did you call Debbie?
You did not call Debbie.
USE 1 Completed Action in the Past
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.
Examples:
I saw a movie yesterday.
I didn't see a play yesterday.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
Did you have dinner last night?
She washed her car.
He didn't wash his car.
USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions
We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
Examples:
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
USE 3 Duration in Past
The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
Examples:
I lived in Brazil for two years.
Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
They sat at the beach all day.
They did not stay at the party the entire time.
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
A: How long did you wait for them?B: We waited for one hour.
USE 4 Habits in the Past
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
Examples:
I studied French when I was a child.
He played the violin.
He didn't play the piano.
Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
She worked at the movie theater after school.
They never went to school, they always skipped class.
USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."
Examples:
She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
He didn't like tomatoes before.
Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.
IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.
Examples:
When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.
She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.
When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.
Example:
I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
You just called Debbie.
Did you just call Debbie?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
Tom repaired the car. Active
The car was repaired by Tom. Passive
************************************************************************************************************************************
Past Continuous
Form
past form of 'be' + ing form of verb
I was speakingyou were speakinghe / she / it was speakingwe were speakingthey were speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ing' :
silent e is dropped (but: does not apply for -ee)
Example: come - comingbut: agree - agreeing
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled
Example: sit - sitting
final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)
Example: travel - travelling
final ie becomes y.
Example: lie - lying
Use
After another or at the same time?
Do you want to express that the actions in the past happened one after another or at the same time?
at the same time
Simon was playing on the computer while his brother was watchin TV.
New action or already in progress?
If you want to express that a new action happened in the middle of another action, you need both tenses: Simple Past the new action and Past Progressive for the action already in progress
action already in progress
Only mentioning or emphasising progress?
Do you just want to mention that an action took place in the past (also used for short actions)? Or do you want to put emphasis on the progress, e.g. that an action was taking place at a certain time?
emphasising progress
Yesterday at six o'clock, Colin was playing football
*********************************************************************************
FORM
[was/were + present participle]
Examples:
You were studying when she called.
Were you studying when she called?
You were not studying when she called
USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past
Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
Examples:
I was watching TV when she called.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
What were you doing when the earthquake started?
I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.
A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?B: I was snowboarding.
USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption
In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.
Examples:
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.
IMPORTANT
In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.
Examples:
Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.I started eating at 6 PM.
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.I started earlier; and at 6 PM, I was in the process of eating dinner.
USE 3 Parallel Actions
When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
Examples:
I was studying while he was making dinner.
While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
Were you listening while he was talking?
I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
What were you doing while you were waiting?
Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.
USE 4 Atmosphere
In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.
Example:
When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.
USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"
The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."
Examples:
She was always coming to class late.
He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
I didn't like them because they were always complaining.
While vs. When
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.
Examples:
I was studying when she called.
While I was studying, she called.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
You were just studying when she called.
Were you just studying when she called?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. Active
The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. Passive
sábado, 21 de marzo de 2009
The Shawshank Redemption
Movie:
The Shawshank Redemption
Director: Frank Darabont
In 1947, a young banker named Andy Dufresne is wrongly convicted of murdering his wife and her lover based on strong circumstantial evidence and is sentenced to two consecutive life sentences at Shawshank State Penitentiary in Maine. At the prison, inmate Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding is rejected for parole after having served twenty years of his life sentence shortly before Andy's arrival. Andy gradually becomes acquainted with Red's circle of friends, and Red himself, who is known for cleverly smuggling in contraband. After a month of adjusting to his new life, Andy approaches Red and asks him to get a rock hammer, intending to pursue a hobby of rock collecting. Red supplies the hammer for ten dollars, and later fills Andy's request for a poster of Rita Hayworth.
One day in 1949, while tarring the roof of Shawshank's license plate factory, Andy overhears the captain of the prison guards, Captain Hadley, bitterly complaining about the taxes he will have to pay on a forthcoming inheritance. Andy approaches Hadley with a solution that will allow him to keep the entire inheritance tax-free; though Hadley nearly throws Andy off the roof initially, Andy's willingness to set up the transaction for the cost of beer for the tarring crew wins Hadley's respect. Prior to this, Andy had frequently been beaten and sexually assaulted by a gang called "The Sisters", led by inmates Bogs and Rooster. After a particularly vicious beating at the hands of the Sisters lands Andy in the infirmary, Bogs returns to his cell from a week in solitary confinement to find Captain Hadley there. Hadley inflicts a brutal nightstick beating on Bogs, which leaves him paralyzed. Bogs is sent away to a state hospital, and the message to the Sisters is clear; Andy is never bothered again.
As other guards begin to come to him for financial help, Andy is given a makeshift office in the prison library to provide tax and financial services. His "clientele" grows to include the entire prison staff, guards from other prisons, and even Warden Norton himself. To keep Andy happy, the Warden provides him with a single cell and allows him to keep an unusual amount of contraband in his cell. Conspicuous amongst the contraband are Andy's posters of "fantasy girlies" - first Rita Hayworth, followed over time by Marilyn Monroe and then Raquel Welch. The Warden also permits Andy's letter-writing campaign on behalf of the prison library; through Andy's budgeting and purchasing activities, the library is expanded and remodeled into the "best prison library in New England". The Warden capitalizes on Andy's skills and devises a program to put prison inmates to work for local construction projects, exploiting the prisoners' free labor for his own personal profit, with Andy acting behind the scenes as a money launderer. Andy uses his knowledge of "the system" to create the false identity of Randall Stevens, which he uses as a straw man to hide the Warden's involvement.
In 1965, a young prisoner named Tommy Williams enters Shawshank on a breaking and entering charge, and quickly becomes part of Red's and Andy's group of friends, with Andy helping him to pass the GED test. He learns of Andy's supposed crime and makes a shocking revelation: Elmo Blatch, one of his old cellmates, had gleefully described murdering two people who fit the description of Andy's wife and her lover, and how her "hotshot banker" husband got blamed for it. Andy hopes that he will be able to get a new trial with Tommy's help, and he approaches Warden Norton for advice and assistance. Fearing exposure of his illegal activities at Shawshank should Andy be set free, Norton sends him to solitary confinement and conspires to have Hadley shoot Tommy as an escapee. After Norton informs Andy of Tommy's death, Andy tries to refuse to launder any more funds for Norton. However, when Norton threatens Andy with the loss of his private cell, loss of his protection against the "Sodomites", and the destruction of his beloved library - complete with a book burning - Andy relents, apparently beaten.
Later, when Andy is back in the prison yard, he tells Red that if he ever gets out of prison he should go to a specific hayfield near Buxton, Maine to find something that has been buried under a volcanic rock. The following morning, Andy is missing from his cell. In a fury over Andy's disappearance, the Warden throws one of Andy's rocks at the poster of Raquel Welch - and is stunned to see the rock tear through the poster, revealing a large hole that Andy had used to escape. In a flashback sequence, it is revealed that Andy spent years chipping away at the wall of his cell with his rock hammer, using the posters of Hayworth, Monroe and Welch to conceal it. After his escape, Andy assumes the identity of Randall Stevens and uses it to withdraw Warden Norton's laundered money - $370,000 worth (over $2.4 million in 2009 dollars). Cashier's checks in hand, Andy sends evidence of Norton's activities to a Portland newspaper. The morning the story runs, Byron Hadley is arrested and Warden Norton commits suicide in his office.
The next year, 1967, Red is finally released on parole after serving 40 years at Shawshank. Red is afraid of "the outside", dreading living in fear, worried that he would end up committing suicide once outside of the prison's strict regime, as fellow prisoner Brooks Hatlen had done. Ironically, he's given the same room and the same job Hatlen had. But instead of committing suicide, Red recalls his promise to Andy and heads to the field in Buxton that Andy told him about. He finds a small metal box containing money and instructions from Andy. He violates his parole and travels to Mexico, eventually reuniting with Andy in Zihuatanejo on the Pacific coast.
Opinion:
A court with juror thinks that the vicrepresidente of a bank, Andy Dufresne is a culprit of the murder of her wife and of the lover of she. In spite of the fact that he insists again and again on his innocence, the indications are sufficient as to condemn him to two perpetual chains. At the beginning of 1947, the former banker is moved to the penitentiary establishment of bad reputation "Shawshank" , to spend the rest of his her days. On having been got by the director of the jail, Norton, this one leaves place to doubts in relation neither to the regime of terror that here reigns, nor to the arbitrariness with which there act the jailers, who ill-treat physics and psychically to the boarders, that they want.
The personage is nice with the rest of the convicts but there are other individuals who want to damage his demurrage in the jail.
A person of Andy Dufresne's sensibility, who gives great importance to the literature and especially to the classic music, has never happened before for the Shawshank's penal one. His way of being supposes a provocation for other prisoners, who answer with maltreatment and with supreme brutality. In the long term, nevertheless, effect that supplies that Andy, is faithful to his beginning, since serene way of being attracts several of the prisoners, especially to (Morgan Freeman), who has happened already twenty years accused of murder. Network has reputation of being capable of obtaining any type of things Without importing the consequences.
The police officers of the prison later discover the mistreatment that he give to Andy, and they ill-treat it physically in order that he does not turn it to doing. In the prison he has a friend who gives him things and help for example a poster of the woman that they saw in a movie.
To the beginning Andy was not accustomed to this life, but soon can defend and handle the different situations that appear in the prision. For Andy's good conduct, he is transferred to the library to work with an old man distributing books to the prisoners.
The Shawshank Redemption
Director: Frank Darabont
In 1947, a young banker named Andy Dufresne is wrongly convicted of murdering his wife and her lover based on strong circumstantial evidence and is sentenced to two consecutive life sentences at Shawshank State Penitentiary in Maine. At the prison, inmate Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding is rejected for parole after having served twenty years of his life sentence shortly before Andy's arrival. Andy gradually becomes acquainted with Red's circle of friends, and Red himself, who is known for cleverly smuggling in contraband. After a month of adjusting to his new life, Andy approaches Red and asks him to get a rock hammer, intending to pursue a hobby of rock collecting. Red supplies the hammer for ten dollars, and later fills Andy's request for a poster of Rita Hayworth.
One day in 1949, while tarring the roof of Shawshank's license plate factory, Andy overhears the captain of the prison guards, Captain Hadley, bitterly complaining about the taxes he will have to pay on a forthcoming inheritance. Andy approaches Hadley with a solution that will allow him to keep the entire inheritance tax-free; though Hadley nearly throws Andy off the roof initially, Andy's willingness to set up the transaction for the cost of beer for the tarring crew wins Hadley's respect. Prior to this, Andy had frequently been beaten and sexually assaulted by a gang called "The Sisters", led by inmates Bogs and Rooster. After a particularly vicious beating at the hands of the Sisters lands Andy in the infirmary, Bogs returns to his cell from a week in solitary confinement to find Captain Hadley there. Hadley inflicts a brutal nightstick beating on Bogs, which leaves him paralyzed. Bogs is sent away to a state hospital, and the message to the Sisters is clear; Andy is never bothered again.
As other guards begin to come to him for financial help, Andy is given a makeshift office in the prison library to provide tax and financial services. His "clientele" grows to include the entire prison staff, guards from other prisons, and even Warden Norton himself. To keep Andy happy, the Warden provides him with a single cell and allows him to keep an unusual amount of contraband in his cell. Conspicuous amongst the contraband are Andy's posters of "fantasy girlies" - first Rita Hayworth, followed over time by Marilyn Monroe and then Raquel Welch. The Warden also permits Andy's letter-writing campaign on behalf of the prison library; through Andy's budgeting and purchasing activities, the library is expanded and remodeled into the "best prison library in New England". The Warden capitalizes on Andy's skills and devises a program to put prison inmates to work for local construction projects, exploiting the prisoners' free labor for his own personal profit, with Andy acting behind the scenes as a money launderer. Andy uses his knowledge of "the system" to create the false identity of Randall Stevens, which he uses as a straw man to hide the Warden's involvement.
In 1965, a young prisoner named Tommy Williams enters Shawshank on a breaking and entering charge, and quickly becomes part of Red's and Andy's group of friends, with Andy helping him to pass the GED test. He learns of Andy's supposed crime and makes a shocking revelation: Elmo Blatch, one of his old cellmates, had gleefully described murdering two people who fit the description of Andy's wife and her lover, and how her "hotshot banker" husband got blamed for it. Andy hopes that he will be able to get a new trial with Tommy's help, and he approaches Warden Norton for advice and assistance. Fearing exposure of his illegal activities at Shawshank should Andy be set free, Norton sends him to solitary confinement and conspires to have Hadley shoot Tommy as an escapee. After Norton informs Andy of Tommy's death, Andy tries to refuse to launder any more funds for Norton. However, when Norton threatens Andy with the loss of his private cell, loss of his protection against the "Sodomites", and the destruction of his beloved library - complete with a book burning - Andy relents, apparently beaten.
Later, when Andy is back in the prison yard, he tells Red that if he ever gets out of prison he should go to a specific hayfield near Buxton, Maine to find something that has been buried under a volcanic rock. The following morning, Andy is missing from his cell. In a fury over Andy's disappearance, the Warden throws one of Andy's rocks at the poster of Raquel Welch - and is stunned to see the rock tear through the poster, revealing a large hole that Andy had used to escape. In a flashback sequence, it is revealed that Andy spent years chipping away at the wall of his cell with his rock hammer, using the posters of Hayworth, Monroe and Welch to conceal it. After his escape, Andy assumes the identity of Randall Stevens and uses it to withdraw Warden Norton's laundered money - $370,000 worth (over $2.4 million in 2009 dollars). Cashier's checks in hand, Andy sends evidence of Norton's activities to a Portland newspaper. The morning the story runs, Byron Hadley is arrested and Warden Norton commits suicide in his office.
The next year, 1967, Red is finally released on parole after serving 40 years at Shawshank. Red is afraid of "the outside", dreading living in fear, worried that he would end up committing suicide once outside of the prison's strict regime, as fellow prisoner Brooks Hatlen had done. Ironically, he's given the same room and the same job Hatlen had. But instead of committing suicide, Red recalls his promise to Andy and heads to the field in Buxton that Andy told him about. He finds a small metal box containing money and instructions from Andy. He violates his parole and travels to Mexico, eventually reuniting with Andy in Zihuatanejo on the Pacific coast.
Opinion:
A court with juror thinks that the vicrepresidente of a bank, Andy Dufresne is a culprit of the murder of her wife and of the lover of she. In spite of the fact that he insists again and again on his innocence, the indications are sufficient as to condemn him to two perpetual chains. At the beginning of 1947, the former banker is moved to the penitentiary establishment of bad reputation "Shawshank" , to spend the rest of his her days. On having been got by the director of the jail, Norton, this one leaves place to doubts in relation neither to the regime of terror that here reigns, nor to the arbitrariness with which there act the jailers, who ill-treat physics and psychically to the boarders, that they want.
The personage is nice with the rest of the convicts but there are other individuals who want to damage his demurrage in the jail.
A person of Andy Dufresne's sensibility, who gives great importance to the literature and especially to the classic music, has never happened before for the Shawshank's penal one. His way of being supposes a provocation for other prisoners, who answer with maltreatment and with supreme brutality. In the long term, nevertheless, effect that supplies that Andy, is faithful to his beginning, since serene way of being attracts several of the prisoners, especially to (Morgan Freeman), who has happened already twenty years accused of murder. Network has reputation of being capable of obtaining any type of things Without importing the consequences.
The police officers of the prison later discover the mistreatment that he give to Andy, and they ill-treat it physically in order that he does not turn it to doing. In the prison he has a friend who gives him things and help for example a poster of the woman that they saw in a movie.
To the beginning Andy was not accustomed to this life, but soon can defend and handle the different situations that appear in the prision. For Andy's good conduct, he is transferred to the library to work with an old man distributing books to the prisoners.
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